فلسفه   زيست شناسي جهان ،  مفهوم حيات 

زيست پويا   /      آموزش زيست شناسي

 
Definition of Life 
Reviews and analyzes various attempts to define life in terms of negentropy and complexity theory.
http://baharna.com/philos/life.htm
Theoretical Biology and Philosophy of  Life
A list of persons, institutes, research groups and journals within theoretical biology, philosophy and history of biology, and related areas of research.
http://alf.nbi.dk/~emmeche/theobiophi.html
Biology Instructional Philosophy
Designed for prospective and practicing elementary school teachers, provides a biology lesson, knowledge mapping, and alternative ideas for effectiveness in teaching biology.
http://www.biologylessons.sdsu.edu/philosophy
International Society for History,
ISHPSSB brings together scholars from diverse disciplines, including the life sciences as well as history, philosophy, and social studies of science.
http://server.phil.vt.edu/ishpssb
Philosophy of Biology Web Pages
Maintained by Michael R. Dietrich, of the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College; includes links to web sites and online articles dealing with the philosophy of biology and related subjects.
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dietrich/bio5.html
Virtual Reality:Consciousness Really
A scientific hypothesis for the origin of mind based in evolutionary biology. Includes downloadable manuscript and a few graphics.
http://www.foothill.net/~jerryi
The Aesthetics of Evolution
Discussion of the beauty of evolution; explains that evolution is continuous and discontinuous at once, as is a good poem, or a work of art.
http://www.gis.net/~waverly/evolution-aesthetics-tro.htm
Biology and Philosophy 
Permits access to the table of contents for each of the archived issues of this journal. Also includes information for authors.
http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0169-3867
Philosophy of Biology - Research Group
Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, University of the Basque Country. Includes information about the group, their research on different aspects of Philosophy of Biology, and some of the activities they organise.
http://www.sc.ehu.es/sfwpbiog/main.html
History and Philosophy of Biology
A regular series of lectures promoting research in the history and philosophy of biology, sponsored by LSE and UCL. Includes a schedule of upcoming lectures and related events.
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sts/admin/whatson/annc_sem.htm
History and Philosophy of Biology --
Supplemental readings recommended for the Bemidji State University course in Philosophy of Biology; not intended as a comprehensive compilation.
http://ea.bemidji.msus.edu/aqbio/hpreads.htm
Biological Altruism
Discussion of how altruistic behavior by organisms fits with the theory of evolution; from the Stanford Encyclopedia by Samir Okasha.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/altruism-biological
Biodiversity
Discussion of philosophical issues related to biological diversity; from the Stanford Encyclopedia by Daniel P. Faith.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/biodiversity
The Biological Notion of Self and
Stanford Encyclopedia entry on the notion of the immune self; by Alfred Tauber.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/biology-self
Species
Entry from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy by Marc Ereshefsky.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/species
Teleological Notions in Biology
Entry from the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Colin Allen.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/teleology-biology